Which description defines federalism?

• A. A system of checks and balances
• B. Separation of powers among branches
• C. A system where power is divided between national and state governments
• D. A system of rights enumerated in the Magna Carta

Answer: (C)

Federalism describes a system where power is divided between national and state governments, with each level having sovereignty in its own sphere and both levels sometimes sharing authority. In the U.S., the national government handles areas like defense and currency, while states manage areas like education and local law, and there are mechanisms to resolve conflicts when both levels claim authority. This differs from checks and balances or separation of powers, which describe how power is distributed among branches at the national level, not how power is shared between levels. It also isn’t about rights listed in the Magna Carta, which focuses on limiting a monarch’s powers rather than distributing government powers across multiple levels.